The United States Department of Health and Human Services reported that both national health and governmental agencies have reached consensus that physical activity promotion is a public health priority. Living an inactive or sedentary lifestyle may lead to secondary health conditions, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity, Type II diabetes, osteoporosis, and decreased functioning in daily activities. For adults and children with disabilities, being physically active can pose a great challenge and an even greater health risk.

According to current recommendations, adults should participate in physical activity of moderate or higher intensity for at least five days per week. However, only 12 percent of the adult population with disabilities participates in regular physical activity of moderate-to-high intensity according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Motivation is a key determinant in the level and frequency of physical activity. Researchers at the LSU College of Education focused their efforts on determining these critical factors that motivate individuals with disabilities to be physically active.

In this collaborative study, Department of Kinesiology faculty members Maria Kosma and Rebecca Ellis Gardner are working with researchers from Oregon State University to examine the psychosocial determinants and barriers of physical activity. The study participants were 223 adults with physical disabilities (e.g., spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis) who completed online the questionnaires of the survey study. The study questionnaires assessed physical activity beliefs (e.g., attitudes and intentions), levels, barriers, and quality of life related to health.

The most prevalent physical activity barriers for people with physical disabilities were symptoms associated with the disability, lack of access to adequate facilities, equipment, or programs, and lack of energy or fatigue. They also found that pain, lack of transportation, and cost were also barriers that prevented individuals with disabilities from being physically active.

Based on these findings, the researchers promoted several strategies to potentially increase physical activity motivation and participation. Among others, they urge individuals with disabilities to plan an age and intensity appropriate physical activity program, to seek social support and information for facilities and equipment through local Independent Living Centers, and to consult with health-care providers to alleviate pain and incorporate physical activity into daily routines.

Through additional surveys and expanded research, the researchers hope to develop and offer a web-based physical activity motivational program to increase physical activity levels and to improve quality of life for individuals with disabilities.